K-Band Calibration of the Red Clump Luminosity

The average near-infrared (K-band) luminosity of 238 Hipparcos red clump giants is derived and then used to measure the distance to the Galactic center. These Hipparcos red clump giants have been previously employed as I-band standard candles. The advantage of the K-band is a decreased sensitivity to reddening, and perhaps also a reduced systematic dependence on metallicity. In order to investigate the latter, and also to refer our calibration to a known metallicity zero-point, we restrict our sample of red clump calibrators to those with abundances derived from high-resolution spectroscopic data. The mean metallicity of the sample is [Fe/H] = −0.18 dex (σ = 0.17 dex). The data are consistent with no correlation between MK and [Fe/H], and only weakly constrain the slope of this relation. The luminosity function of the sample peaks at MK = −1.61 ± 0.03 mag. Next, we assemble published optical and near-infrared photometry for ∼ 20 red clump giants in a Baade’s Window field with a mean metallicity of [Fe/H] = −0.17± 0.09 dex, which is nearly identical to that of the Hipparcos red clump. Assuming that the average (V − I)0 and (V −K)0 colors of these two red clumps are the same, the extinctions in the Baade’s Window field are found to be AV /AI/AK = 1.56/0.87/0.15, in agreement with previous estimates. We derive the distance to the Galactic center: (m−M)0 = 14.58± 0.11 mag, or R = 8.24± 0.42 kpc. The uncertainty in this distance measurement is dominated by the small number of Baade’s Window red clump giants examined here.